If you had to repay an amount that you included in your income in an earlier year, you may be able to deduct the amount repaid from your income for the year in which you repaid it.

This is explained in IRS Publication 17 Your Federal Income Tax For Individuals, page 72:

Repayments

If you had to repay an amount that you included in your income in an earlier year, you may be able to deduct the amount repaid from your income for the year in which you repaid it. Or, if the amount you repaid is more than $3,000, you may be able to take a credit against your tax for the year in which you repaid it. Generally, you can claim a deduction or credit only if the repayment qualifies as an expense or loss incurred in your trade or business or in a for-profit transaction.

Type of deduction. The type of deduction you’re allowed in the year of repayment depends on the type of income you included in the earlier year. You generally deduct the repayment on the same form or schedule on which you previously reported it as income. For example, if you reported it as self-employment income, deduct it as a business expense on Schedule C (Form 1040) or Schedule F (Form 1040). If you reported it as a capital gain, deduct it as a capital loss as explained in the Instructions for Schedule D (Form 1040). If you reported it as wages, unemployment compensation, or other nonbusiness income, you may be able to deduct it as an other itemized deduction if the amount repaid is over $3,000.

Repaid social security benefits. If you repaid social security benefits or equivalent railroad retirement benefits, see Repayment of benefits. in chapter 7.

Repayment of $3,000 or less. If the figure is $3,000 or less, it is a miscellaneous itemized deduction and can no longer be deducted.

Repayment over $3,000. If the amount you repaid was more than $3,000, you can deduct the repayment as an other itemized deduction on Schedule A (Form 1040), line 16, if you included the income under a claim of right. This means that at the time you included the income, it appeared that you had an unrestricted right to it. However, you can choose to take a credit for the year of repayment. Figure your tax under both methods and compare the results. Use the method (deduction or credit) that results in less tax.

CAUTION! When determining whether the amount you repaid was more or less than $3,000, consider the total amount being repaid on the return. Each instance of repayment isn’t considered separately.

Method 1. Figure your tax for 2023 claiming a deduction for the repaid amount. If you deduct it as an other itemized deduction, enter it on Schedule A (Form 1040), line 16.

Method 2. Figure your tax for 2023 claiming a credit for the repaid amount. Follow these steps.

1. Figure your tax for 2023 without deducting the repaid amount.
2. Refigure your tax from the earlier year without including in income the amount you repaid in 2023.
3. Subtract the tax in (2) from the tax shown on your return for the earlier year. This is the credit.
4. Subtract the answer in (3) from the tax for 2023 figured without the deduction (step 1).

If method 1 results in less tax, deduct the amount repaid. If method 2 results in less tax, claim the credit figured in (3) above on Schedule 3 (Form 1040), line 12d, by adding the amount of the credit to any other credits on this line, and see the instructions there.

To enter the credit into the TaxAct program:

1. From within your TaxAct return (Online or Desktop), click Federal (on smaller devices, click in the top left corner of your screen, then click Federal).
2. Click the Miscellaneous Topics dropdown, then click Credit for repayment (I.R.C. 1341).
3. Continue with the interview process until you reach the screen titled Credit for Repayment, then click the data entry field below I.R.C 1341 credit, and type the amount.

The text "IRC 1341" will appear next to Line 13 on Schedule 3 (Form 1040) Additional Credits and Payments when the return is printed.

An example of this computation can be found in IRS Publication 525 Taxable and Nontaxable Income.

Note that any link in the information above is updated each year automatically and will take you to the most recent version of the webpage or document at the time it is accessed.